Risk Factors

There is little research to show potential connections between neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) such as NETs and environmental factors like chemical or other pollutant exposures. More research is needed to determine whether environmental exposures contribute to the formation of NETs and whether the impact of these exposures on any genetic predispositions may influence tumor development.

One study from 2002 identified certain occupational hazards as potential risk factors for NETs. Occupations like shoemaking, structural metal preparation, and construction painting that involve regular exposure to harmful substances like organic solvents and lead-containing paints may increase the risk for NETs. These associations could be coincidental rather than causative, and underscore the need for further research to fully understand their implications for NET development.

Another study from 2020 looked at early life exposures and associations with small-intestinal NETs. The researchers found an elevated risk for these NETs in those who may have been exposed in early life to industries such as the construction industry, uranium mining, and coal mining.

While most NENs are thought to arise sporadically, research has shown that a family history of cancer is a risk factor for NENs. Moreover, genetic syndromes such as von Hippel-Lindau disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) have an increased risk of NETs. These associations highlight the need for genetic screening and awareness in at-risk populations.

Identifying the risk factors in rare cancers poses significant challenges because it’s difficult to gather large, well-documented groups of people to study. Additionally, the field is hindered by a lack of adequate funding to study the epidemiology of NENs. These obstacles must be addressed to advance our understanding of NENs and their risk factors to ultimately improve patient outcomes.